{
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "This notebook was prepared by [Donne Martin](https://github.com/donnemartin). Source and license info is on [GitHub](https://github.com/donnemartin/interactive-coding-challenges)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Challenge Notebook"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Problem: Determine whether you can win the Nim game given the remaining stones.\n",
    "\n",
    "See the [LeetCode](https://leetcode.com/problems/nim-game/) problem page.\n",
    "\n",
    "You are playing the following Nim Game with your friend: There is a heap of stones on the table, each time one of you take turns to remove 1 to 3 stones. The one who removes the last stone will be the winner. You will take the first turn to remove the stones.\n",
    "\n",
    "Both of you are very clever and have optimal strategies for the game. Write a function to determine whether you can win the game given the number of stones in the heap.\n",
    "\n",
    "For example, if there are 4 stones in the heap, then you will never win the game: no matter 1, 2, or 3 stones you remove, the last stone will always be removed by your friend.\n",
    "\n",
    "* [Constraints](#Constraints)\n",
    "* [Test Cases](#Test-Cases)\n",
    "* [Algorithm](#Algorithm)\n",
    "* [Code](#Code)\n",
    "* [Unit Test](#Unit-Test)\n",
    "* [Solution Notebook](#Solution-Notebook)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Constraints\n",
    "\n",
    "* Is the input an int?\n",
    "    * Yes\n",
    "* Is the output a boolean?\n",
    "    * Yes\n",
    "* Can we assume the inputs are valid?\n",
    "    * No\n",
    "* Can we assume this fits memory?\n",
    "    * Yes"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Test Cases\n",
    "\n",
    "* None -> TypeError\n",
    "* 1, 2, or 3 -> True\n",
    "* 4 -> False\n",
    "* 7 -> True\n",
    "* 40 -> False"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Algorithm\n",
    "\n",
    "Refer to the [Solution Notebook]().  If you are stuck and need a hint, the solution notebook's algorithm discussion might be a good place to start."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Code"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "class Solution(object):\n",
    "\n",
    "    def can_win_nim(self, num_stones_left):\n",
    "        # TODO: Implement me\n",
    "        pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Unit Test"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**The following unit test is expected to fail until you solve the challenge.**"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# %load test_can_win_nim.py\n",
    "import unittest\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "class TestSolution(unittest.TestCase):\n",
    "\n",
    "    def test_can_win_nim(self):\n",
    "        solution = Solution()\n",
    "        self.assertRaises(TypeError, solution.can_win_nim, None)\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(solution.can_win_nim(1), True)\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(solution.can_win_nim(2), True)\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(solution.can_win_nim(3), True)\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(solution.can_win_nim(4), False)\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(solution.can_win_nim(7), True)\n",
    "        self.assertEqual(solution.can_win_nim(40), False)\n",
    "        print('Success: test_can_win_nim')\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def main():\n",
    "    test = TestSolution()\n",
    "    test.test_can_win_nim()\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
    "    main()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Solution Notebook\n",
    "\n",
    "Review the [Solution Notebook]() for a discussion on algorithms and code solutions."
   ]
  }
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